Open letter to the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi:
Your Excellency,
We, the undersigned human rights organisations are writing to express our grave concern regarding ongoing numerous violations of human and environmental rights linked to the illegal handover of people’s land in several villages in Jagatsinghpur District, Odisha State, to JSW Utkal Steel Ltd. (JUSL).
Since 2005, when land was forcibly acquired for the now abandoned POSCO project, local communities have been facing eviction, loss of livelihood, and criminalisation. POSCO, a South Korean corporation, had planned to construct a steel plant on community land, in, what was at the time, the largest foreign investment in India. The proposed project sparked resistance from the communities including the passing of several village assembly (Gram Sabha) resolutions against environmental destruction and the illegal acquisition of their land and community forest resources and drew international condemnation, including from eight UN Mandate holders.
After a sustained struggle by the community for many years, POSCO finally withdrew in March 2017. However, instead of returning the land to the villagers, the government of Odisha handed over the community land to Indian steel major, JUSL in September 2018, to set up steel and cement plants, a power plant and a port. JSW Steel Limited is part of the Sajjan Jindal controlled JSW Group. It is estimated that, if implemented, the project would displace up to 40,000 people from their land and livelihoods, impinge upon their human rights to food, water, work, health, adequate housing, healthy environment and other economic and social rights, and will have disastrous effects on the environment.
The State of Odisha has responded with severe repression to the protests. The violence and criminalization against members of the Anti-Jindal and Anti-POSCO movement has terrorized the communities that have mobilized in opposition to the project. Women have always been at the forefront of the resistance, and many of them, including children and elderly people, were injured while protecting their villages and lands. Reports suggest that 24 police platoons (700 police personnel) deployed at village entry points and in the vicinity, have been hindering the free movement of villagers and their access to agricultural fields and betel vineyards, and restricting supplies of emergency goods.
More than 60 community members have been arrested over the past seven months as a result of their resistance to the projects. More than 72 criminal cases have been registered against over 1,000 community members. Human rights defenders involved in organizing and leading the protests have faced serious reprisals including arrests, detention, physical assault, threats and harassment. Human rights defenders and community leaders Debendra Swain, Manas Bardhan, Prakash Jena, and Ajodhya Swain remain imprisoned and there are serious allegations that they have been tortured in judicial custody. Human rights defenders Manas Ranjan Kar, Pradipta Satpathy, and women human rights defenders Santi Das and Santi Sethy have been subjected to physical assault and implicated in false police cases. Others including Prasant Paikray and Kailash Das continue to face serious threats and harassment. In some cases, the families of human rights defenders have also been made targets of physical assault and criminalisation.
We regret to learn that the intended projects have been allowed to proceed without adhering to the due procedure listed in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2006, and without giving adequate attention to the rights and claims of the affected villagers under the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 (FRA, 2006). As many ofthe villagers belong to the Scheduled castes (Dalits), the alleged incidents have also led to several violations of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989.
India is a state party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which guarantees the right to liberty, protects individuals from arbitrary arrest or detention, and requires any deprivation of liberty to take place in accordance with procedures established by law. The targeting of human rights defenders and protesters for exercising their rights to freedom of expression and peaceful association is a clear violation of international human rights law.
India is also a state party to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). By failing to respect the rights enshrined under the Covenant and refusing to settle the rights and claims of the affected communities under the Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006, the government of India has breached its international obligation under the ICESCR and other related international standards.
Human rights defenders are entitled to specific protection by the State from arbitrary arrest under false charges, use of force, or deprivation of liberty under the United Nations General Assembly’s Declaration on Human Rights Defenders 1998, in whose favor India had voted unanimously with other nations. The UN Declaration for the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas (UNDROP), in whose favor India voted, explicitly mentions in Article 6(2) that peasants shall not be subjected to arbitrary arrest. Article 15 (4) emphasizes the rights of peasants to determine their food and agricultural systems. Furthermore, Article 17 (1) outlines the individual and collective right to land( access to, use and manage land and water bodies, coastal seas, fisheries and pastures) and Article 17(4) emphasizes the rights of peasants to be protected against arbitrary and unlawful displacement from their land and prohibits the destruction of agricultural areas and expropriation of land.
Due to the gravity of the situation, we call on the government of India to:
– Put an end to all types of repression and violence against the resisting communities and withdraw all false and fabricated cases and criminal charges filed against the villagers;
– Immediately release all the human rights defenders arrested protesting the JUSL project and withdraw all charges against them while ensuring that they are not subjected to torture or any form of other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment while in the custody of the police;
– Withdraw all police force from the area and refrain from using force and intimidating people to push forceful land acquisition;
– Conduct independent fact-finding and document the violence, repression and coercion that the villagers in the area have been facing since the inception of the project and hold those responsible to account;
– Urgently process individual and community forest rights claims on land that has been taken over for the project;
– Provide compensation for the damages and loss of life and livelihood to the locals;
– Stop the establishment of large-scale industries and rather encourage small & medium scale industries like beetle vine processing factory along with ecotourism and preserving the traditional livelihoods;
– Ensure that all of the international commitments India is bound to under international law are prioritised and implemented, specifically under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Paris Agreement on climate change, and the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders and the UN Declaration for the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas (UNDROP), among others.
We would like to thank you for your attention and request you to kindly keep us informed about the action you intend to take on this matter.
Respectfully yours,